Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in Europe: In-Detail Analyses of Disease Dynamics and Molecular Epidemiology

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of swine caused by the eponymous virus (PEDV) which belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus within the Coronaviridae virus family. Following the disastrous outbreaks in Asia and the United States, PEDV has been detected also in Europe. In order to better understand the overall situation, the molecular epidemiology, and factors that might influence the most variable disease impact;40 samples from swine feces were collected from different PED outbreaks in Germany and other European countries and sequenced by shot-gun next-generation sequencing. A total of 38 new PEDV complete coding sequences were generated. When compared on a global scale, all investigated sequences from Central and South-Eastern Europe formed a rather homogeneous PEDV S INDEL cluster, suggesting a recent re-introduction. However, in-detail analyses revealed two new clusters and putative ancestor strains. Based on the available background data, correlations between clusters and location, farm type or clinical presentation could not be established. Additionally, the impact of secondary infections was explored using the metagenomic data sets. While several coinfections were observed, no correlation was found with disease courses. However, in addition to the PEDV genomes, ten complete viral coding sequences from nine different data sets were reconstructed each representing new virus strains. In detail, three pasivirus A strains, two astroviruses, a porcine sapelovirus, a kobuvirus, a porcine torovirus, a posavirus, and an enterobacteria phage were almost fully sequenced

Geschichte und Jugendliteratur im Nationalsozialismus

Josting P. Geschichte und Jugendliteratur im Nationalsozialismus. In: Pohlmann C, Steinlein R, eds. GeschichtsBilder. Historische Jugendbücher aus vier Jahrhunderten (Ausstellungskatalog der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin). Wiesbaden: Reichert; 2000: 183-203

Die Kinder- und Jugendliteratur des Ersten Weltkriegs

Schmideler S. Die Kinder- und Jugendliteratur des Ersten Weltkriegs. In: Pohlmann C, Heller FC, eds. Das Kinderbuch erklärt den Krieg. Der Erste Weltkrieg in Kinder- und Jugendbüchern. Eine Ausstellung der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz im Bilderbuchmuseum Burg Wissem der Stadt Troisdorf (3. August - 12. Oktober 2014) und im Institut für Kunst und visuelle Kultur, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (16. November -25. November 2014). [Ausstellungskatalog.]. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Ausstellungskataloge. N.F. Vol 59. Berlin: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz.; 2014: 7-24

Geschichtsbilder des Mittelalters in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur vom 18. Jahrhundert bis 1945

Schmideler S. Geschichtsbilder des Mittelalters in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur vom 18. Jahrhundert bis 1945. In: Dolle-Weinkauff B, Pohlmann C, Ewers H-H, eds. Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung 2010/2011. Jahrbuch der Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung. Vol 17. Frankfurt a. Main: Peter Lang; 2011: 19-34

Verehrung, Verklärung, Vereinnahmung – Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur

Schmideler S. Verehrung, Verklärung, Vereinnahmung – Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. In: Dolle-Weinkauff B, Ewers H-H, Pohlmann C, eds. Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforschung 2008/2009. Mit einer Gesamtbibliografie der Veröffentlichungen des Jahres 2008. Vol 15. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang; 2009: 41-52

Bewegungsbücher digital (BeWeB-3D) – ein generisches Konzept zur digitalen Replikation dynamischer Buchobjekte

<p>Der Bestand der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin an Spielbilderbüchern – darunter einige der populärsten Zeugnisse der im Zuge des material turn der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften verstärkt in den Forschungsfokus gerückten Gattung der Bewegungsbücher – zählt zu den international herausragenden. Diese systematische, alle historischen Entstehungskontexte und materialen Erscheinungsformen von Spielbilderbüchern berücksichtigende Sammlung diente dem von Seiten des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung im Rahmen der Ausschreibung „Digitalisierung von Objekten des kulturellen Erbes: eHeritage“ geförderten Projekt BeWeB-3D als Grundlage für die Erstellung eines generischen Konzepts zur dreidimensionalen Replikation dynamischer Buchobjekte. Mit Hilfe dieser Konzeptstudie möchte die Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin einen Beitrag dazu leisten, die virtuelle Zugänglichkeit der in Archiven, Bibliotheken und Museen aufbewahrten Popups, Papiertheater, Buchkunstobjekte, Verwandlungsbücher, Rotuli und Volvellen aus den unterschiedlichsten Zeiten und Kulturkreisen zu erhöhen. Denn gerade aufgrund ihrer charakteristischen, zur mechanischen Interaktion auffordernden Materialität entzogen sich Bewegungsbücher in ihrer schieren Vielfalt bislang einer wissenschaftsadäquaten, d.h. vor allem die performative Dimension dieser Objektgattung erhaltenden Digitalisierung. Durchgeführt wurde das Vorhaben in Kooperation mit dem an den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin angesiedelten Zentrum für Digitale Kulturgüter in Museen (ZEDIKUM), das als Core Facility alle Einrichtungen der Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz sowohl mit Beratungsangeboten als auch mit hardware- wie softwareseitigen Infrastrukturservices bei der digitalen Replikation von Objektbeständen sowie deren Visualisierung zu unterstützt.</p> <p> </p> <p>The Berlin State Library has systematically built up an internationally renowned collection of pop-ups, paper stages and other gamebooks dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Their characteristic moveable elements invite to play and interact with these books. Said collection constitutes the basis for this concept study – funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research under the project acronym BeWeB-3D and targeted to archives, libraries and museums – on how to digitize and visualize moveable books and dynamic book objects in 3D. Due to the recent material turn in the Humanities this has become a major task for cultural heritage institutions in general. The BeWeB-3D project was carried out in cooperation with the Berlin-based Center for Digital Cultural Heritage in Museums (ZEDIKUM).</p> <p> </p

Climate variability drives anchovies and sardines into the North and Baltic Seas

European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) are southern, warm water species that prefer temperatures warmer than those found in boreal waters. After about 40 years of absence, they were again observed in the 1990s in increasing quantities in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Whereas global warming probably played a role in these northward migrations, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the contraction of the subpolar gyre were important influences. Sardine re-invaded the North Sea around 1990, probably mainly as a response to warmer temperatures associated with the strengthening of the NAO in the late 1980s. However, increasing numbers of anchovy eggs, larvae, juveniles and adults have been recorded only since the mid-1990s, when, particularly, summer temperatures started to increase. This is probably a result of the complex dynamics of ocean-atmosphere coupling involving changes in North Atlantic current structures, such as the contraction of the subpolar gyre, and dynamics of AMO. Apparently, climate variability drives anchovies and sardines into the North and Baltic Seas. Here, we elucidate the climatic background of the return of anchovies and sardines to the northern European shelf seas and the changes in the North Sea fish community in the mid-1990s in response to climate variability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effects of Post-deposition Annealing on Epitaxial CoO/Fe3_3O4_4 Bilayers on SrTiO3_3(001) and Formation of Thin High-Quality Cobalt Ferrite-like Films

In order to explore an alternative pathway to prepare ultrathin CoFe$_2$O$_4$ films, epitaxial CoO/Fe$_3$O$_4$ bilayers with varying film thickness of the CoO film were grown on Nb-doped SrTiO$_3$(001) substrates via reactive molecular beam epitaxy. Thereafter, cobalt ferrite films with varying stoichiometry were prepared by post-deposition annealing at different temperatures. The thermally mediated interdiffusion resulted in the formation of vertical compressive and lateral tensile strained Co$_x$Fe$_{3-x}$O$_4$ films ($x=0.6 – 1.4$) with homogeneous distribution of Fe and Co cations for each film. The chemical and electronic variations after each annealing step were studied by means of soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The homogeneity of the cation distributions in the films were additionally verified after the last annealing step by angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the cobalt ferrite film with $x=1.4$, an additional crystallographic phase of Co$_{1–y}$Fe$_y$O was observed by (grazing incidence) X-ray diffraction measurements after annealing at 600°C. X-ray reflectivity measurements were performed to determine the film thickness of the formed Co$_x$Fe$_{3-x}$O$_4$ films

Cationic Ordering and Its Influence on the Magnetic Properties of Co-Rich Cobalt Ferrite Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Solid Phase Epitaxy on Nb-Doped SrTiO3(001)

Here, we present the (element-specific) magnetic properties and cation ordering for ultrathin Co-rich cobalt ferrite films. Two Co-rich CoxFe3−xO4 films with different stoichiometry (x=1.1 and x=1.4) have been formed by reactive solid phase epitaxy due to post-deposition annealing from epitaxial CoO/Fe3O4 bilayers deposited before on Nb-doped SrTiO3(001). The electronic structure, stoichiometry and homogeneity of the cation distribution of the resulting cobalt ferrite films were verified by angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, the occupancies of the different sublattices were determined using charge-transfer multiplet calculations. For both ferrite films, a partially inverse spinel structure is found with increased amount of Co3+ cations in the low-spin state on octahedral sites for the Co1.4Fe1.6O4 film. These findings concur with the results obtained by superconducting quantum interference device measurements. Further, the latter measurements revealed the presence of an additional soft magnetic phase probably due to cobalt ferrite islands emerging from the surface, as suggested by atomic force microscope measurements

Cationic Ordering and Its Influence on the Magnetic Properties of Co-Rich Cobalt Ferrite Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Solid Phase Epitaxy on Nb-Doped SrTiO3_{3}(001)

Here, we present the (element-specific) magnetic properties and cation ordering for ultrathin Co-rich cobalt ferrite films. Two Co-rich Co$_x$Fe$_{3−x}$O$_4$ films with different stoichiometry (x=1.1 and x=1.4) have been formed by reactive solid phase epitaxy due to post-deposition annealing from epitaxial CoO/Fe$_3$O$_4$ bilayers deposited before on Nb-doped SrTiO$_3$(001). The electronic structure, stoichiometry and homogeneity of the cation distribution of the resulting cobalt ferrite films were verified by angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, the occupancies of the different sublattices were determined using charge-transfer multiplet calculations. For both ferrite films, a partially inverse spinel structure is found with increased amount of Co$^{3+}$ cations in the low-spin state on octahedral sites for the Co$_{1.4}$Fe$_{1.6}$O$_4$ film. These findings concur with the results obtained by superconducting quantum interference device measurements. Further, the latter measurements revealed the presence of an additional soft magnetic phase probably due to cobalt ferrite islands emerging from the surface, as suggested by atomic force microscope measurements